Therapeutic diet for ulcers and gastritis. Principles of nutrition, list of useful products, menu

2024 Author: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:14

Diet for ulcers and gastritis is the main component of the competent treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The ailments are serious, and therefore a person who is faced with one of them must provide his mucous membrane with chemical and mechanical sparing, and also focus on correcting metabolic disorders. There are many nuances, the nutritionist tells the patient about them, but now it’s still worth talking about the principles of diet therapy.

General provisions

If a patient is diagnosed with normal or increased acidity, then table number 1 is assigned to him. Are the indicators lowered? Then table number 2.

The key principles of the diet for ulcers and gastritis can be listed as follows:

1. It is necessary to control the quality and quantity of food consumed, calculate the energy value, take into account disturbed digestion processes.
2. A differentiated approach tonutrition. Its necessity is determined by the nature of the disease, the severity of its course, the presence or absence of concomitant complications and ailments.
3. An individual diet for ulcers and gastritis is developed taking into account the peculiarities of the metabolic and nutritional status of a person, as well as the needs of his body.
4. Perhaps also the emergence of the need to include dietary supplements and mixtures for enteral nutrition in the diet.
5. It is also necessary to normalize the motor and secretory function of the gastrointestinal tract.

This or that table is appointed for a certain period. The diets indicated for ulcers and gastritis differ in caloric content, macronutrient content, degree of coolant sparing, dietary regimen, as well as methods of culinary processing of products and even the consistency of dishes.

Table 1A

Now you can talk a little more about the features of different diets. Table No. 1A maximally limits any effect on the stomach - temperature, chemical, mechanical. This diet is usually prescribed for exacerbation of gastritis and ulcers. It should also be observed by people suffering from cholecystectomy.

The goal of table 1A is to minimize gastric excitability and restore the mucosa. The patient should adhere to it from 2–3 to 14 days. It all depends on his illness.

In acute gastritis, for example, 3 days is enough. With a burn of the esophagus - 7-8 days. You cannot follow the diet for more than two weeks, as it is low in calories (1800–1900 kcal) and unbalanced.

Allowed and prohibitedproducts

Diet for gastritis and stomach ulcers, indicated by number 1, implies a lot of restrictions. The following foods and products are allowed:

1. Mucoid soups made from rice, semolina and oatmeal. You can add butter, egg-milk mixture, flour for baby food.
2. Lean meat or fish in the form of a steam soufflé.
3. Products made from cereal flour or porridge (rice, oatmeal, buckwheat).
4. Calcified cottage cheese, milk, cream, jelly.
5. Steam omelet or soft-boiled eggs.
6. Vegetable and butter as an additive.
7. Berries in the form of jelly or jelly.
8. Weak cream tea, freshly squeezed juices with water, millet bran decoction, rosehip infusion.

Broths, all vegetables, rough and indigestible foods, egg yolk, excessively cold and hot dishes are strictly prohibited. It is recommended to eat 6 times a day in small portions at the same time.

Table 1B

This diet for gastritis and stomach ulcers follows after the one described above. Table No. 1B is more load-bearing. The content of nutrients and caloric content is increasing, new dishes and products are being introduced, the list of allowed processing methods is expanding.

The patient is shown the active use of milk, cottage cheese, cereals. With gastritis and stomach ulcers, diet No. 1B must be observed from 10 days to 1 month. The principles of the diet are:

1. Dishes should be prepared in the form of mashed potatoes or cereals. Products are first boiled, and thenwipe.
2. Restrictions remain the same.
3. Pure can be made from beets, carrots and potatoes.
4. You can add canned fruits and vegetables to the diet for baby food.
5. It is allowed to make cutlets, mashed potatoes, quenelles from fish and meat.

It is very important when compiling the menu to make sure that protein and cereal dishes alternate daily and preferably do not repeat. Otherwise, the food will seem too monotonous to a person.

An approximate menu for the day might look like this:

1. Breakfast: protein steam omelet, pureed oatmeal and a glass of milk.
2. Lunch: Rice soup with minced meat, steamed beef quenelles, mashed potatoes and rose hips.
3. Snack: crackers and milk jelly.
4. Dinner: semolina porridge, cottage cheese soufflé, tea with milk and sugar.

Between breakfast and lunch, as well as at night, you should drink a glass of whole milk as a snack. You can drink about a liter of it a day.

What about portions? For a snack, 100-150 grams is enough. For main meals - up to 400. You can’t overeat, but this amount is enough to maintain satiety.

Table 1

It is prescribed after diet No. 1B. You will have to follow 2-3 months. This is a much less strict diet for gastritis and duodenal ulcers - a few days after switching to it, it is allowed to stop grinding foods before eating.

Features of table number 1 can be identified in the following list:

1. First courses are cooked on potato broth orin vegetable broth. As before, boiled cereals should be present in the composition. Milk and cream soups with chicken or meat are allowed.
2. Boiled and steamed meat dishes without tendons, skin and fascia should be added to the diet. Allowed turkey, chicken, lean pork, young lamb, beef. You can make beef stroganoff, soufflé, zrazy, cutlets, meatballs, etc. from them. But you must first boil them.
3. You can bake some dishes (rabbit, chicken, veal).
4. It is recommended to serve the fish in a piece, steaming. You can make zrazy, meatballs, meatballs, meatballs.
5. Bread is possible, but dried or yesterday's. Also allowed are biscuits and dry biscuits. Once a week, pies with cottage cheese, fish, meat, jam or apples are allowed, but not from pastry.
6. It is recommended to add cereals (oatmeal or buckwheat), rice, semolina, vermicelli, pasta to soups.
7. From vegetables you need to eat cauliflower, young peas, potatoes, carrots, beets. They are steamed, rubbed or made into a soufflé or mashed potatoes. You can eat pumpkin, zucchini, non-acidic tomatoes in pieces. From the greens, dill is allowed.
8. You can fill dishes with vegetable or butter.
9. It is allowed to diversify the diet with kefir, yogurt, cream, milk, curd cheese and sour cream. You can make lazy dumplings, puddings, cheesecakes from cottage cheese. Sometimes shredded cheese should be eaten, but not spicy.

The considered diet for gastritis and duodenal ulcer also allows 2 eggs per week (in the form of an omelette orsoft-boiled), salads from boiled vegetables and meat, liver pates, dairy or doctor's sausage, aspic fish on vegetable broth, low-fat herring and ham, and sturgeon caviar.

Table 2

Above, it was described in detail what kind of diet for gastritis and ulcers should be followed by patients. For whom is table number 2 designed? First of all, for people with chronic gastritis, accompanied by secretory insufficiency, as well as for patients who have experienced a mild exacerbation. Also, this diet is shown to people who have had enteritis or colitis. She will help them return to their normal diet.

Table number 2 involves physiologically complete nutrition and a gentle effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Nutrition is also aimed at stimulating the secretion of organs and normalizing the motor function of the digestive organs.

This diet involves the use of dishes of varying degrees of processing and grinding. They can be stewed, boiled, fried, baked (the main thing is that without a rough crust). There is no need to wipe products. The only exceptions are those that are enriched with connective tissue (in particular, sinewy meat) and fiber (coarse vegetables).

Table Prohibitions 2

As you can already understand, this diet for ulcers, gastritis and gastrointestinal problems is the least strict. But still, its observance implies the rejection of certain products and products.

It is forbidden to eat something that is difficult to digest and tends to linger in the stomach. It is also necessary to adhere to the dailyenergy value of 3000 calories. You need to consume 100 grams of fat and protein per day, it is recommended to lean on carbohydrates - up to 420 g.

The main points of the diet can be listed as follows:

1. Fiber-rich vegetables should not be eaten. These are swede, radish, white cabbage, turnip, peas, beans.
2. Milk and pea soups, okroshka are also prohibited.
3. It is necessary to exclude sweet pepper, onion, sorrel, cucumber and spinach from the diet.
4. Canned fish, cooking and animal fats, everything spicy and spicy, fresh bread, puff and pastry are prohibited.
5. Permitted vegetables cannot be eaten raw.
6. Cook soups in a weak broth of mushrooms, fish or meat.
7. Finely chop vegetables in dishes.
8. You can cook with whole pieces of rabbit, chicken, veal.
9. It is allowed to make baked pancakes stuffed with boiled meat.
10. Soaked herring can be introduced into the diet.

In general, this diet for gastritis is quite diverse. What you can eat and what you can’t - a personal nutritionist always tells in detail, focusing on the physiological characteristics of a particular patient.

Approximate weekly diet

Much has already been said about what diets should be followed during exacerbation of gastritis and stomach ulcers and what their features are. You should also study the sample menu for the week.

Monday:

• breakfast: scrambled eggs, oatmeal milk porridge and tea withcream;
• snack: glass of milk;
• lunch: mashed rice soup with minced meat, beef soufflé with cream sauce and rosehip infusion;
• snack: milkshake and biscuit;
• dinner: semolina, cottage cheese, cream tea.

Tuesday:

• breakfast: buckwheat with milk, steam omelet, weak tea;
• snack: scrambled eggs again;
• lunch: buckwheat soup, mashed potatoes, fish meatballs, a glass of compote;
• snack: freshly squeezed fruit juice and some cottage cheese;
• dinner: zucchini and pumpkin puree, fish cake, tea.

Wednesday:

• breakfast: semolina porridge with milk, weak tea and some cottage cheese;
• snack: baked apple;
• lunch: vegetable soup with semolina, pumpkin puree, a piece of boiled fillet and jelly;
• snack: biscuits and compote;
• dinner: potato-zucchini puree, boiled fish with dill, weak tea.

Thursday:

• breakfast: buckwheat porridge with milk, some cottage cheese and tea;
• snack: jelly with vanilla;
• lunch: rice soup, minced cod meatballs, carrot puree, a glass of compote;
• snack: curd cheesecake and freshly squeezed fruit juice;
• dinner: zucchini puree, a piece of boiled chicken, a glass of compote.

Friday:

• breakfast: cottage cheese casserole, semolina porridge with milk and tea;
• snack: fresh juice and biscuit;
• lunch: vegetable soup with rice and butter, chickencutlets;
• snack: lazy dumplings, juice;
• dinner: baked fish, squash puree with cream, a glass of tea.

Saturday:

• breakfast: porridge with milk, baked cheesecakes and tea;
• snack: glass of juice and scrambled eggs;
• lunch: cauliflower soup with buckwheat flour, lean cutlets;
• snack: biscuit cookies and juice;
• dinner: baked hake with mashed potatoes, a glass of tea.

Sunday:

• breakfast: oatmeal porridge, a piece of cheese, biscuits and milk tea;
• snack: syrniki with fruit jam;
• lunch: vegetable soup with semolina, boiled veal, carrot puree and a glass of compote;
• snack: baked apple;
• dinner: mashed green peas, baked fish cutlets and jelly.

This is what the diet menu looks like for stomach ulcers and gastritis. Also, be sure to drink a glass of whole milk at night.

Principles of cooking

They are also worth noting attention. Whatever diet for stomach ulcers and gastritis would be shown to a person, he will have to follow certain principles of food processing.

Take, for example, milk soups. How to cook them? The basis is taken cereals, which are boiled in water. When it is ready, it is wiped, poured with milk (proportions 1:1) and brought to a boil. It is recommended to s alt if not prohibited.

Vegetable pureed soups are also cooked with cereals, adding carrots and potatoes. All componentsthoroughly boiled, rubbed and seasoned with oil already prepared dish.

If something is steamed, then the product should not come into contact with the boiling liquid.

Meat should be boiled in small pieces. The broth must be drained. Then new water is poured in, and the meat is already brought to readiness in it. It is then used to make a stew.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to say that any of the above diets shows excellent results. Each diet spares the stomach and its mucous membrane, is physiologically complete, and also helps to eliminate inflammation and restore the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

In addition, no particularly expensive products are required for the preparation of dietary meals. And there are many interesting recipes that help to diversify the diet.

Be that as it may, many people who suffered from gastrointestinal diseases were able to return to their usual diet after following a diet. And this is the best proof of its effectiveness.