Therapeutic and preventive nutrition: diet planning and proper organization

2024 Author: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:14

Everyone knows what a huge role proper nutrition plays for the human body. There is even a saying among the people: "We are what we eat." Food should always be thought out, and the diet should be balanced.

But, there are cases when there are special requirements for nutrition. Learn more about them.

General information

Therapeutic nutrition was invented in order to prevent the adverse effects of various factors on the human body while in unhe althy conditions in connection with professional activities.

It aims to improve he alth and prevent the development of occupational diseases.

A properly formulated diet enhances resistance, and the optimal use and combination of individual properties of products protects the structure and activity of internal organs and systems. Thus, there is a compensation of those useful active substances that are consumed more strongly under the influence of poisons. Absorption of harmful substancesis limited, and the process of removing them from the body is accelerated.

Let's consider how certain substances affect the body.

Sulfur-containing amino acids and proteins form compounds that can be easily dissolved and quickly released. This stimulates the production of antibodies.

The beneficial properties of cottage cheese with its rich composition are widely used. Glutamic acid provides anti-fibrotic effect. Thanks to pectin, heavy metals are more easily excreted from the body. Vitamins fully show their detoxifying properties. A beneficial effect on the body of ascorbic acid, as well as liver and milk-apple diets, has been noted. They neutralize the processes that begin to occur in the body under the influence of ionizing radiation. Vitamins, in turn, are able to normalize the metabolism, changed as a result of the microwave field. The hyposensitizing effect is achieved through increased consumption of vegetable oil, and reduced consumption of sodium chloride and carbohydrates. Lead intoxication can be reduced by increasing calcium intake.

Therapeutic nutrition limits the intake of fatty and s alty foods, the s alt itself. S alt is known to stop fluid and prevent the elimination of toxins. Therefore, therapeutic and preventive nutrition involves drinking plenty of water so that all garbage and harmful substances can be removed faster.

Such nutrition is achieved through milk and milk-derived products, vitamins and pectin.

Diet food

The organization of therapeutic and preventive nutrition consists inmaking the right diet. Dietary nutrition contributes to the preservation and strengthening of people's well-being. Unfortunately, very many, having good he alth, treat food with disdain until they spoil it. Due to poor food, working capacity decreases, the immune system weakens, as a result of which chronic diseases occur.

Therefore, there are many people who already at a young age get gastritis, ulcers, cholecystitis and colitis. Then special therapeutic and preventive nutrition becomes vital for them.

In recent years, and for our country, following the "developed" West, the problem of obesity becomes relevant. The reason for this is a sedentary lifestyle, overeating and eating low-quality food. Because of this, extra pounds appear, and behind them the functioning of the heart, blood vessels and liver is disrupted. The joints and spine are affected. The result is diabetes and other serious illnesses.

Dietary nutrition is a very important part of the treatment. Its relevance has increased significantly in recent years. Prevention is carried out, and at the same time, the state of he alth improves if the disease occurs in a latent form.

Therapeutic and preventive nutrition then leads to a quick recovery and recuperation. Acute forms of the disease gradually become chronic, and therapeutic agents become more effective. In many cases, even when medications are not used, diet alone hasgreat therapeutic effect.

It is necessary for almost any disease. When it comes to treating a child, then the diet should be compiled only under the guidance of a doctor.

Fundamentals and features of nutrition

Organization of therapeutic and preventive nutrition is based on its physiological norms. If a person is sick, it is necessary to satisfy all the needs of his body. In this case, the optimal ratio of the main substances (carbohydrates, proteins and fats), other elements (in the form of trace elements, vitamins, fatty acids and amino acids) should be calculated. In dietary nutrition, the features of assimilation of food are determined and calculated depending on the sick or he althy state of the body.

Based on the survey, the most suitable products are selected, as well as the appropriate processing and mode. The rations of therapeutic and preventive nutrition should be selected in a strict individual regime and ensure the functioning of the digestive tract, as well as gently affect damaged organs and help restore the body as a whole, compensating for the loss of nutrients.

In this case, local and general action should be taken into account. With local influence, the gastrointestinal tract and sensory organs are affected. In general, the composition of the blood, the nervous and endocrine systems, as well as the internal organs and systems of the body change.

The diet provides fasting days, workouts and contrast days. The duration of the diet depends on the disease and severity. In addition, climatic conditions, traditions, habits andindividual intolerance to certain substances.

Different diets

Dietary and preventive nutrition should take into account the physiological fluctuations of any nutrient, because the body is strongly affected by both its deficiency and excess. So, the protein will protect when phosphorus is combined, and when exposed to chromium, the amount must be reduced. Fat intake in the diet should in any case be reduced.

Hygienic science today develops and improves the diet, taking into account new technologies and forms of production. In Russia today there are 8 rations for those working in conditions:

• with radioactive substances and X-rays;
• with inorganic chlorine compounds, cyanides, phosgene and so on, as well as concentrated acids;
• with chemical allergens;
• with lead;
• with chlorinated hydrocarbons, compounds of selenium, arsenic, silicon and others;
• with phosphorus;
• with benzene;
• with mercury, brominated hydrocarbons, thiophos, carbon disulfide, compounds of barium, manganese, beryllium and others.

There are individual workers employed in such production, where the issuance of therapeutic and preventive nutrition is replaced by vitamin preparations. This category includes:

• workers who work in conditions of high temperature and intense heat exposure;
• people employed in the production of nicotine, tobacco and shag.

In addition, for those who are in regular contact withtoxic substances, milk should be dispensed daily.

Milk

Therapeutic nutrition this product is usually issued in the canteen, canteen or directly at the workplace for half a liter per day.

Since 2009, however, it is possible to give out equivalent food products enriched with vitamins instead. Milk can be replaced with fermented milk products, cottage cheese, cheese, condensed or powdered milk, meat, lean fish or chicken eggs. Vitamin preparations or he alth drinks may also be provided.

On non-working days, vacations, business trips, work in other areas, as well as people on sick leave or staying in the hospital, the distribution of milk and preventive nutrition is not provided.

The cost of the products given out is not included in the employee's income.

Thus, the company's management takes care of its staff (which is an additional incentive for good work) and increases its rating.

Food

He alth foods are made by separate companies. For example, Leovit Nutrio produces kissels, soups and instant compotes. Sibtar produces cereals, legumes and oilseeds, subjecting them to complex complex processing.

The Normoprotein dry protein mixture, which does not contain fat, has gained considerable fame. It can also be used by workers employed in hazardous working conditions, as it containsa large number of vitamins and minerals. Especially often the dry mix is used in those types of production where the consumption of high-quality protein is necessary. It is an effective means of preventing harmful chemical effects on the human body, and also prevents a pre-morbid condition after high physical and nervous stress.

It is worth mentioning separately the Ust-Labinsk plant, whose products are getting more and more approval from consumers.

Krasnodar plant for children and preventive nutrition

Several years ago, the Ust-Labinsk Dairy Plant, which is located in the Krasnodar Territory, was completely modernized. Named Preventive Baby Food Plant 1, it has become one of the most productive and high-tech sites not only in Russia, but throughout the CIS.

The raw material used here is milk of the highest quality. It undergoes innovative purification through bactofugation and microfiltration.

In the first case, dead toxins and bacteria are removed from the milk, and in the second, which is also called "cold pasteurization", microorganisms are isolated from the milk, thereby protecting the structure of the protein.

Krasnodar plant of therapeutic and preventive nutrition produces a whole series of food products from milk. Manufacturers call their products "live" and recommend it for the whole family, including children.

Children's He alth Food Plant 1 produces many products that children love very much. Therefore, they are especially popular with the younger generation.

Norms

There are special requirements for therapeutic and preventive nutrition products. For example, it is necessary to provide complete information about the true content of active substances that make up the products. In terms of biomedical value, a nutritional assessment should be carried out. The products are subjected to laboratory tests to confirm the absence of any harmful effects on he alth. In order to release a product for sale, it must meet all the requirements of a biomedical and sanitary-epidemiological nature.

The norms of the physiological plan are based on the basic rules of rational nutrition. These are average values that correspond to the best needs of specific population groups. Food is based on them in medical institutions and in dietary canteens.

Norms differ depending on the gender of a person, his age, type of work, body condition and climate. Of particular importance for the size of the portion are the energy costs in the course of the work. Depending on the intensity of physical activity, the norm is divided into 5 groups.

In addition to physiology, dietary nutrition is based on hygiene and biochemistry, that is, knowledge of the substances that make up the products, as well as maintainingbalanced mode. The causes and forms of existing diseases, especially digestion, are also taken into account.

Special place is given to cooking technology. Medical nutrition is part of complex therapy. Rational treatment of the disease without it becomes impossible. Therapeutic nutrition can be the main method of treatment, for example, if there are congenital disorders in the assimilation of certain nutrients. It also becomes one of the parts of comprehensive measures, for example, in diseases such as gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes, obesity, and so on. The issuance of therapeutic and preventive nutrition can enhance the therapy of a different nature and prevent the development of complication of diseases. This applies to chronic hepatitis, gout, urolithiasis and other diseases. With hypertension, nutrition is one of the main methods of treatment and prevention. With radiation sickness, burns, infections, tuberculosis and in the postoperative period, therapeutic nutrition helps the healing process and the transition of the disease to a chronic form. The norms are determined based on the international classification of diseases.

Features of nutrition in various diseases

In addition to certain working conditions, age and similar factors, different diets are provided for different diseases. Norms can be divided into 10 large groups, within which there are several specific diets.

1. Nutrition for diseases of the digestive system.
2. Nutrition for CVD.
3. Nutrition for diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract.
4. Nutrition for problems with the endocrine system.
5. Nutrition for metabolic diseases.
6. Nutrition for rheumatism.
7. Nutrition for infections.
8. Nutrition for surgical patients.
9. He althy nutrition.

Diets in the first case are very diverse. In acute gastritis, at first it is recommended only to drink liquid in the form of water, tea with lemon or rosehip broth. Further, the diet is selected with the most sparing regimen. In the chronic course of the disease, diet therapy as such is not required, but the principles of rational nutrition must still be observed. With an ulcer, nutrition should be subject to a strict regimen, and with gastric resection, frequent meals with a high protein content and a low carbohydrate content are prescribed. Bowel disease is usually accompanied by constipation or diarrhea. Depending on this, the necessary diet is prescribed. In liver disease, limit the intake of proteins, fats, or both. For problems with the gallbladder and pancreas, a sparing diet is first shown.

The general rule of the diet for cardiovascular diseases is to limit the intake of table s alt. You also need to reduce your sugar intake.

The same rule applies to diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract. Depending on the disease, an increase or, conversely, a reduction in protein intake may be prescribed.

In diseases of the endocrine system, nutrition is varied, buta strict diet must be followed.

Metabolic disorders in most cases are the result of malnutrition. Therefore, you should switch to he althy foods and eat right.

For rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis, protein intake is usually increased, while fats and carbohydrates are normal.

For infections, good nutrition should be provided, but with a slight reduction in carbohydrate intake.

Patients with injuries, burns, in the pre- and postoperative period, increase protein intake. Moreover, the food should be mashed and jelly-like.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the elderly, as well as pregnant women and nursing mothers. In old age, the need for protein decreases, especially of animal origin. Also reduce carbohydrate intake. Be careful with fatty foods.

When carrying a child and during lactation, good nutrition is especially important. As a general rule, table s alt is excluded from the diet in general or its consumption is limited. For he althy pregnant women, there are no food restrictions. During lactation, additional energy costs occur. Therefore, more calories are required during this period, as in pregnancy.

Conclusion

Thus, it turns out that therapeutic and preventive nutrition plays a huge role in human he alth. It can reduce the risk of developing diseases in the performance of special professional activities, acceleraterecovery and rehabilitation after illness. In addition, therapeutic and preventive baby food will help the child develop better physically and mentally.