Pevzner's Therapeutic Diet: Basic Principles. Diet tables No. 4 and No. 5

2024 Author: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:14

Manuil Isaakovich Pevzner developed many universal dietary tables in the first half of the twentieth century. The principles of therapeutic nutrition formulated by him (for correcting the metabolism of diabetics, relieving symptoms of poisoning, etc.) are still relevant today. After reading this article, you will surely agree that the Pevzner diet is a much better way to adjust your diet than many trendy one-day diets.

It is useful to study the list of treatment tables in order to have an idea of the normal calorie content of the diet and how it can be reduced or increased. The Pevzner diet can help not only with overweight problems, but also with many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that require a sparing diet. You may be disappointed by the lack of "magic products" and promises of fastresults. But you can be sure of a carefully balanced diet.

Pevzner diet: principles and basic postulates

In total, Manuil Isaakovich developed 16 diet tables, including hypoallergenic ones. Seven of them contain different variations. The first postulate: the "amount" of food is determined by the caloric content, calculated in kilocalories. For most debilitating and rebuilding illnesses, energy needs must be fully met through diet.

If you need to use a hypocaloric menu, you need to calculate the possible restrictions depending on what degree of obesity the patient has. Moreover, in such a way as not to cause psychological discomfort and a constant feeling of hunger, which can distract a person from work and everyday affairs.

Don't follow fashion magazines

The philistine opinion about the "harmfulness" of a number of products (polished rice, milk, white bread, etc.) does not take into account that they may be necessary to reduce the traumatic effect on the gastrointestinal tract of coarse fiber. This is appropriate for colitis, pancreatitis and a number of intestinal diseases. The Pevzner diet does not separate foods into “harmful” and “useful”.

It is most often aimed at selecting a menu suitable for a particular patient, which, in turn, must satisfy the body's objective needs for nutrients, regardless of how much thisa person is he althy or sick.

Individual diet selection

Therapeutic diets according to Pevzner are by no means universal. It is simply impossible to recommend a list of products that is useful to absolutely everyone. For example, patients with kidney disease should exclude protein foods. And those suffering from pancreatitis should reduce their fat intake. But such restrictions should be temporary and take place during periods of exacerbations. In the long term, a protein-free or fat-free menu is not allowed. Also, Pevsner did not develop low-carb diets similar to those that have been popular in recent years for drastic weight loss. Even such a diet for a disease such as diabetes involves the inclusion of bread and cereals (only with a low glycemic index). It should be noted that all dietary tables are based on observations of many patients, and recommendations are made on the basis of clinical studies.

When following these diets, remember that self-activity (under the influence of fashion trends from women's magazines) is often inappropriate when following them. Another thing is an individual approach, taking into account the recommendations of your doctor or the convenience of following the regimen. In the United States in the 80s of the twentieth century, the psychological dependence of a person on delicious food was proven. Therefore, after consulting with your doctor, you can add sweeteners to your diet or in any way adjust the preparation of very tasteless dishes.

Pevzner Diet 4

Intestinal irritation must be minimizedchemical, thermal and mechanical means. Diet 4 according to Pevzner is needed for those who suffer from diarrhea (they often torment patients with chronic colitis and gastroenteritis). It is also indicated for dysentery. About the diet: limit s alt (almost completely), proteins, fats and carbohydrates - to the lower limit of the physiological norm. Remove from the diet foods that stimulate bile secretion, and those that can cause fermentation processes in the intestines. Substances that irritate the liver are not allowed. All dishes need to be steamed or boiled, and then wiped. Weak broths and slimy soups, pureed vegetable or low-fat meat cutlets, crackers (soaked) from wheat flour, low-fat fish, fresh cottage cheese (non-acidic and low-fat), butter are allowed. From desserts, jellies from astringent berries (blueberries, cherries) are allowed. From drinking - a decoction of wild rose. Calorie content - about 2 thousand kilocalories.

Treatment table for the normalization of liver and pancreas functions

Diet 5 according to Pevzner (the menu takes into account the increased vulnerability of the digestive organs) was developed taking into account the need to unload cholesterol metabolism in liver diseases, colitis, pancreatitis and cholecystitis. For example, for breakfast - a dry biscuit or cookies with kefir (low-fat), a protein omelet with stewed vegetables. For lunch - pureed soup and stew with sauerkraut. For an afternoon snack - inedible pastries with cottage cheese and weak tea or baked apples. For dinner - boiled fish and oatmeal jelly.