2024 Author: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:14
People who come to a cafe or restaurant are served a catalog of dishes that can be ordered for dinner or lunch. This list is divided into groups (cold snacks, drinks, hot dishes) and is called the "menu". But sometimes a different content is put into the term, given that the diet can significantly affect the course of the disease and the recovery of the patient. What is a he alth food menu and what are the most common types of diets?
Requirements for the treatment menu
There are a number of requirements for the menu as a set of dishes specially prepared for each meal and served in a certain order. So, it must be balanced and contain the amount of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and trace elements that a person needs. It must take into account the amount of kilocalories consumed to replenish the energy spent per day and avoid obesity. The average adult needs 2800-3000 kilocalories.
Answering the question of what a medical menu is, one must proceed from the following conditions:
- Dietmust fully comply with the therapeutic diet in terms of composition, cooking technology and product quality.
- Must have the right food pairing for every meal.
- The tastes of patients should be taken into account to form a positive attitude while observing food restrictions.
- The cost of groceries must match the money allocated for food.
The main principles of the diet
In sanatoriums, children's institutions and hospitals they know what the menu of therapeutic nutrition is, and follow the necessary diet for a weakened body. Medicine distinguishes 15 varieties of diet depending on the disease. They are called "tables" under a specific number (from 1 to 15). 1-5 tables are based on a sparing principle, thanks to which the patient's functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is facilitated during food processing. There are several types of sparing diet (menu for the day):
- Mechanical. It provides for chopping food in its raw form or after heat treatment: grated vegetables, mashed potatoes, cooking mashed soup.
- Chemical. The regime involves the exclusion from the diet of substances that contribute to the violation of the functions of the suffering organ (s alt, sugar, hot spices), or changes in the method of their preparation. For example, using a baked apple instead of a fresh one, steamed patties instead of fried ones.
- Thermal. This mode requires the exclusion of temperature stimuli that weaken the activity of the diseased organ. So, in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, one shouldremember that excessively high food temperature slows down motor skills and has an irritating effect. Low - reduces gastric secretion. The maximum temperature should be 60 degrees, and the minimum should be 15.
Healing menu (1 table)
Considering the most common types of diets, you should dwell on the features of nutrition with a stomach ulcer or duodenal ulcer. This is table 1, which in some cases is also used for patients in the stage of exacerbation of gastritis. The goal is to accelerate the healing of the ulcer and relieve inflammation of the gastric mucosa or duodenum. It is characterized by fractional meals (5-6 times), moderation of the diet, the exclusion of products that cause increased secretion, and a preference for cooking or steaming in cooking technology. It is necessary to drink plenty of water (1.5-2 liters per day) and use pureed food. Eggs should only be consumed soft-boiled.
The menu, taking into account all the requirements, can be as follows:
- Breakfast: pureed milk porridge (buckwheat or millet), chicken egg, tea (preferably with milk).
- Second breakfast: baked pear (100 g).
- Lunch: milk soup (with rice or vermicelli), steamed veal meatballs, mashed potatoes, fruit jelly.
- Snack: rosehip infusion, white bread crackers.
- Dinner: steamed river fish, mashed potatoes, tea.
Menu that normalizes the work of the digestive tract
Every doctor knows what a menu (table 2) of therapeutic nutrition for gastritis with secretory insufficiency is. The disease is accompanied by colitis, enteritis,requiring stimulation of the secretory function of the stomach. This diet is prescribed without concomitant liver disease. Its goal is to normalize gastrointestinal motility. In addition to the requirements for a therapeutic diet (table 1), the full use of fiber and foods rich in collagen and elastin is required. As well as the complete exclusion of indigestible food with the obligatory preservation of the thermal regime.
Menu may include:
- Breakfast: soft-boiled chicken egg, oatmeal with water or milk, green tea.
- Second breakfast: cocoa.
- Lunch: chicken broth with pasta, steam cutlet, vegetable puree, fruit jelly.
- Dinner: Sea fish, rice pudding, fruit sauce, tea.
- Before bed: low-fat yogurt.
Table 3
The menu is used for people suffering from bowel diseases, as well as constipation, including obstruction. Its purpose is to increase the peristalsis of this organ. Nutrition should be strictly fractional and exclude everything that leads to decay and fermentation in the body. These are alkaline foods (berries and fruits, including dried fruits, root vegetables, greens, fresh milk, nuts, green beans), foods such as flour and pastries from high-grade flour, butter, smoked meats, sausages, legumes, alcohol, coffee, tea, meat, eggs and fish, as well as cabbage, apples and pears, beer, champagne and sweets.
The following foods can be used in the diet:
- Breakfast: fresh vegetables in the form of a salad with boiled tuna, cottage cheese with honey, compote.
- Second breakfast: orange.
- Lunch:seafood soup, vegetable stew, weak herbal tea.
- Snack: fresh marshmallow.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge with oil, fish meatballs, compote.
- Before bed: low-fat yogurt.
Menu for liver diseases
Treatment menu (table 5) is used for cholecystitis and hepatitis. It is used without concomitant diseases of the intestines and stomach. The goal is to normalize the functioning of the biliary tract and liver. The main thing on the menu is the exclusion of refractory fats, essential oils, oxalic acid and foods rich in cholesterol. It requires as much liquid, lipotropic substances and fiber as possible. It is acceptable to use stewing when cooking, but meat and fiber products require chopping.
Daily ration can be as follows:
- Breakfast: oatmeal with milk or water, cottage cheese with honey or sour cream, tea (you can add milk).
- Second breakfast: baked pear.
- Lunch: vegetable broth soup, chicken white meat in milk sauce, rice side dish, dried fruit compote.
- Snack: Rosehip infusion.
- Dinner: river fish (steamed), mashed potatoes, cheesecake.
- For the night: low-fat yogurt.
Dietary variety
The diet of the first five tables is designed to improve the activity of the digestive tract. If you follow it, recovery will certainly take place in a shorter time. RAMS has developed a treatment menu for other human systems, these are tables 6-15.
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