How to eat with diabetes: basic principles, sample menu, grocery list

2024 Author: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:14

A lot of articles have been written about how to eat with diabetes, many manuals and brochures have been published. Numerous publications in specialized magazines and simple newspaper columns are devoted to this. The question will be relevant for a very long time, because today diabetes is common, but not completely cured - medicine simply does not have such capabilities. It remains only to get used to the disease, come to terms with it and begin to practice measures to stabilize the condition. These are primarily associated with a revision of the diet. Where to start?

Relevance of the issue

Interested in how to eat with diabetes, many: today this disease belongs to the category of particularly common chronic. It is a significant problem for modern medicine, is a socially significant disease that greatly reduces the quality of life of the patient. faces,those suffering from such a he alth disorder are highly likely to become disabled, and at a relatively early age. Diabetes increases the risk of death as it leads to chronic complications.

The incidence of the disease is increasing in most powers on the planet. Today, there are more than 300 million people with some form of diabetes. If the level of occurrence continues to progress with the same success, in six years there will already be 400 million patients on the planet. All these people are forced to carefully monitor their diet, so questions about how to eat with diabetes are very common. The pathological condition is due to improperly proceeding metabolism. In diabetes, the work of the pancreas is disrupted, there is an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin, which is responsible for the absorption of sugars, which causes an increase in the concentration of glucose in the circulatory system.

Basic rules

If you know how to eat with diabetes, you can significantly reduce the consumption of drugs. This is more effective in the mild course of the disease, but the need for drugs is reduced in both severe and moderate forms. The first and most important thing is to take control of carbohydrates, which are easily absorbed by the human body. Honey is potentially dangerous for diabetics, do not eat sweets, jam. Sweets are excluded from the diet, limit the use of muffins, refuse sugar, jam. Many fruits and berries fall under the restrictions. Will have to leave in the pastfresh and dried grapes, give up dates, bananas. In some cases, these products are completely eliminated, others are advised to limit their use. The more severe the disease, the more important it is to introduce strict restrictions into your daily life.

It is important not only to review the diet, but also to make it a habit to check your blood sugar regularly. This will allow you to control how well the diet program is selected. Most patients who understand how to eat with diabetes need only limit the use of tasty foods, but leave a small amount of sweets on the menu. The transition to such a nutrition system for the body is less stress than a sharp and complete exclusion of everything that contains easily digestible carbohydrates.

Fat in food and he alth effects

Relatively recent studies on how to eat with diabetes have shown the dependence of the progress of the disease and the saturation of food consumed by the patient, some forms of fatty compounds. The more fats in the patient's blood, the worse his condition in terms of diabetes. Persons with the indicated diagnosis are advised to limit the inclusion of fat in the menu. This condition for compiling a diet is as important as limiting sweets. Total free and used for cooking fats should be up to 40 g daily. This includes oils: vegetable, butter, ghee, cooking, lard. If possible, reduce the saturation of the diet with products enriched with fatty components (cheeses, mayonnaise, sausages,sour cream).

Doctors, explaining how to eat with type 2 diabetes, recommend limiting the content of the menu spicy, fatty, s alty. It is necessary to reduce the consumed volumes of smoked meats, spices, canned, alcohol. The same condition applies to mustard, pepper. If possible, all of the listed types of products are completely excluded from the daily diet. In diabetes, foods that contain both sweet and fatty ingredients are extremely harmful. These include cakes, pastries, ice cream. All of them are excluded completely.

What do they recommend?

Explaining how to eat with type 2 diabetes, doctors recommend introducing no more than 0.2 kg of bread into the daily diet. Preference is given to prepared specially for diabetics. If there is no such access, it is better to eat black. Useful vegetable soups. One or two times a week you can eat soups, the base for which were fish broths, meat. A good addition to the menu would be dietary meat, including poultry. Every day, such a product should be eaten in an amount of not more than 0.1 kg. Dietary fish is allowed up to 150 g. The fish is boiled, steamed. You can eat aspic.

Garnishes prepared with legumes will be a good solution when forming the menu. Sometimes you can eat pasta. Guidelines on how to eat with type 2 diabetes advise you to include pasta in the diet carefully: if there is such a food, you need to reduce the amount of bread. Among cereals, buckwheat is considered the most useful. You can safely eat oatmealcereals, but millet - in limited quantities. You need to be careful when introducing rice and barley into the diet. The semolina is completely abandoned.

Dairy and more

When asking a doctor how to eat properly with diabetes, you should definitely ask about milk. The doctor will start from the indicators of blood quality and the general condition of the body of a person in need of treatment. If the doctor allows milk, he will immediately tell you what volumes are useful, and how much can be harmful. Dairy products are allowed to consume no more than a couple of glasses daily. This applies to curdled milk and kefir, as well as natural yogurt without sugar and additives. Sometimes cream, sour cream can be added to the diet in small volumes. Do the same with cheese.

Cheese for diabetics is recommended as part of the daily diet. About 0.2 kg can be safely eaten fresh. Cheesecakes and cottage cheese will not be harmful either. You can cook cottage cheese casseroles and make puddings with cottage cheese. This product is no less useful than buckwheat and oatmeal - it helps to normalize the functionality of the liver. Rose hips and bran are also recommended for daily nutrition of diabetics. All these products stabilize fat metabolism and prevent fatty hepatic degeneration.

Drawing up a diet: do's and don'ts

Doctors who tell how to eat with type 2 diabetes draw attention to the admissibility of including eggs in the diet. True, they can only be eaten to a limited extent. Two pieces are allowed daily. You can boil them soft-boiled, or you can make an omelet, however,accurately measuring the amount of s alt and milk. You can use eggs for cooking various dishes, adhering to the same restriction - no more than two pieces per day should enter the body.

When choosing greens and vegetables, diabetics should be careful and attentive. Beets, potatoes, carrots are useful in amounts up to 0.2 kg daily. Other varieties of vegetables can be eaten without measuring grams. Cabbage is allowed, radishes and zucchini are unlimited. Diabetics are allowed to eat salad, tomatoes and cucumbers are recommended. Feel free to include almost any greens in the diet, limiting only the volume of spicy varieties. All these products are eaten fresh, boiled, steamed, less often baked.

When choosing what to eat with type 2 diabetes, you should look at berries and fruits. The sour varieties of such foods are shown. You can eat sweet and sour. Among apples, the Antonovka variety is recommended. Benefits will bring oranges, lemons. Of the berries, cranberries are especially useful, red currants are no less good. Berries and fruits should be eaten daily in amounts up to a third of a kilogram.

Sample daily menu for diabetes:

• breakfast - cottage cheese with berries and honey;
• second breakfast - apple, whole grain toast with avocado and herbs;
• lunch - homemade chicken cutlets with cauliflower;
• snack - a handful of almonds and prunes;
• dinner - grilled pollock and mixed salad with vegetable oil.

About important nutritional rules

Doctor explaining how to eat right with diabetesdiabetes, pay attention to the drinking regimen. Diabetics can drink teas: green, black varieties. The drink can be slightly diluted with milk. Coffee is allowed exclusively weak. You can drink freshly squeezed tomato juice with relatively little s alt added. Berry, fruit juices are allowed if the raw materials for them were of an acidic variety.

Diabetic people are advised to eat four times a day, but you can increase the number of meals up to six. It is advisable to choose a stable time and strictly follow the schedule. Control the saturation of the diet with useful compounds, vitamins, trace elements. If possible, the diet is varied.

Type 1 diabetes

This diagnosis imposes its own restrictions on the diet. Previously, the only way to correct the condition of patients was a special nutrition program that requires a complete rejection of food rich in carbohydrates and fats. This measure lowered the glucose content. True, if the body does not receive enough energy sources, sugar is released from the liver structures, due to which the level of this substance in the blood is still maintained above normal. Insulin preparations have greatly changed the quality of life of people with the first type of diabetic disease. Today, doctors, explaining how to eat with type 1 diabetes, focus on the need to control the diet. The doctor, focusing on the patient's body weight, will explain what nutrients should be contained in the diet, how much of them is allowed in everyday food.

At the firsttype of diabetes, the share of carbohydrates in food should be about 60%. Carbohydrates are the main energy source of the body, it is also one of the reasons for the increase in the concentration of sugars in the circulatory system. An additional source of energy is fatty molecules. They are used up by the body when all carbohydrates are processed. A doctor, explaining how to eat with type 1 diabetes, will probably say that fats do not directly correct the concentration of sugar, but their excess creates a risk of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and lipid imbalance. Normally, fatty substances should account for no more than a third of the volume of food.

Proteins are the main building resource that comes with food. A normal diet consists of an average of 15% protein. Trace elements, vitamins, water are substances that do not change the concentration of sugar in the blood.

He althy Eating Rules

As you can read from sources on how to eat he althy with type 2 or type 1 diabetes, people with this diagnosis need to carefully control the carbohydrate content of food. From time to time, with the first type of diabetic disease, foods that are high in carbohydrates are included in the diet. These include potatoes, pasta, cereals. Saturated fats are harmful to the body, so products containing them should be excluded from their diet or, if possible, reduced in volume. Meat should be taken lean, and all visible fat should be carefully cut off. It is recommended to cook dishes for a couple, boiling, baking. You can use the grill. Any diabetic, as well as a person who wants to eat right, should refuse to fry dishes in a pan, especially with an abundance ofoils.

When figuring out how to eat properly with type 2 or type 1 diabetes, a person will surely pay attention to recommendations regarding dairy products. This is allowed only with a minimum level of fat content. If possible, it is better to dwell on low-fat options. It will not be superfluous to carefully analyze the labels of all products that you want to buy. Some contain an indication of belonging to dietary food, but in fact they contain quite a lot of calories, easily digestible carbohydrates. You should not believe everything, it is better to double-check what is written in small letters.

About the rules in more detail

Advice on how to eat well with type 2 or type 1 diabetes usually includes advice on s alt intake. You should reduce the amount of this seasoning as much as possible. To make the dishes tasty, it is better to use a variety of additives, including aromatic herbs. It is important to strictly limit the intake of alcoholic beverages.

If we compare the diet of a diabetic and a non-diabetic, the key difference is the carbohydrate content. Normally, the food received per day should consist of these components only by half or a little more. But for a he althy person, it is not so important to control this percentage.

Where are the risks?

When choosing what to eat with type 2 or type 1 diabetes, many people who have just been diagnosed think: maybe you can just completely eliminate everything that has carbohydrates and eat only absolutely safe foods ? Tounfortunately, it's not that simple. Carbohydrates are found in almost all plant foods. They do not contain mushrooms, formed mainly by proteins, and nuts, where the share of carbohydrates is occupied by fats. There are a lot of carbohydrates in dairy products. It is customary to divide carbohydrates into two types. Each of them is important in its own way for diabetics.

The doctor will probably explain how carbohydrates differ when telling how to eat with type 2 diabetes. The menu is made up, with an emphasis on indigestible forms. These are not counted or counted. This type of carbohydrate is dietary fiber. They are important for humans, but do not harm the body. Fiber is most commonly found in foods. It is found in almost every vegetable. The use of this format of carbohydrates does not affect the sugar content in the circulatory system in any way. For this reason, diabetics can safely eat vegetables of different types and varieties with virtually no restrictions. Once in the stomach, these dietary fibers swell, so there is a feeling of fullness. At the same time, they improve intestinal activity and slow down the absorption of cholesterol and dangerous types of carbohydrates.

Second type of carbohydrates

Digestible - these are carbohydrates that are found in a wide variety of foods and must be taken into account when forming a diet. They are divided into those that are easily absorbed, and those that are available to the body for a longer period. Slowly digestible are called complex. Starch belongs to this class. In chemistry, it is classified as a polysaccharide. This is a multicomponent molecular chain of glucose. Occurs in the intestinal tractsplitting into individual molecules that penetrate the blood through the mucous membranes. Because of starch, the concentration of glucose in the blood rises on average after a third of an hour, which made it possible to call carbohydrate slow. Potatoes are rich in starch, there is a lot of it in ripe legumes and bread. Starch enters the body with corn and cereals, pasta and all foods that use flour in the preparation. When compiling a diet and accounting for bread units, this type of carbohydrate must be counted.

Easy-digesting sugars are simple sugars. These include lactose, m altose, sucrose, fructose, glucose. All of them penetrate into the blood in a short time, since the absorption processes take place already in the oral cavity. The concentration of glucose in the circulatory system increases five minutes after a meal. These carbohydrates enter the body with grapes in fresh form, dried, and also with the juice of these berries. Quickly digestible types are found in jams, preserves, honey, sugar, liquid milk and products made from it, kvass, beer. Such carbohydrates are very important to carefully consider when forming a diet.

I want it to be sweet

Many products are made with sweeteners, and there are various sugar replacement options on the market. The classic is fructose. Substitutes for regular sugar are sorbitol, xylitol. The first leads to an increase in the content of sugars in the circulatory system. The second two do not have such features, but contain calories. They should not be eaten if overweight.

Typical sweeteners: acesulfame potassium, sodium cyclamate. All of them do not have the ability to increase the concentration of sugar in the blood, they do notcontain calories. Such sweeteners are allowed for overweight people. If diabetes has been established in a person who loves Pepsi and Coca-Cola very much, it is not necessary to completely abandon them - just choose dietary forms and drink in a limited amount. Of course, such food cannot be called he althy, but sometimes it is very difficult to completely give up these types of soda.

Glycemic index

For all products common in our society, this parameter is calculated. If it is high, diabetics should refuse such food. Otherwise, insulin simply does not have time to respond, and eating a dangerous diet can cause a crisis. The glycemic index is determined by the degree of grinding, the duration of heat treatment, storage of the product, as well as the level of its ripeness. Mashed potatoes are more dangerous than boiled root crops. It is better to eat hard pasta than boiled pasta.

The index is higher for the most ripe fruits and vegetables. A low index is inherent in milk, yogurt, fruits, beans, pasta. Average indicators for oatmeal, corn, boiled potatoes, bran bread, bananas. High inherent in wheat bread, crackers, rice, shortcrust pastry. Very high are mashed potatoes, sweet soda, beer, honey.