2024 Author: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:14
Despite what nutritionists and he althy dieters might say, starch is an essential ingredient in the human diet. It is considered an important source of energy for people. But, according to doctors, the use of this component can cause metabolic disorders. Therefore, it is important to know the composition of starch, as well as the rules for its use.
Description
This is a white free-flowing substance, sometimes yellowish. The powder is odorless and tasteless. The component does not dissolve in cold water, but when interacting with it, it releases colloidal particles, the concentration of which forms a viscous, thick mass. If the starch is rubbed with fingers or squeezed in the palm of your hand, then a creaking will appear. The sound is produced due to the friction of grains against each other. They are not destroyed even with such exposure.
Starch is found in various plants:
- bananas;
- peas;
- mango;
- beans;
- tubers and root crops.
The composition of starch affects its calorie content - 313 kcal per 100 g. This indicatorgreat for active and strong people who constantly spend a lot of energy. In this case, the products will be useful for the body.
Views
Starch happens:
- potato;
- corn;
- wheat;
- rice;
- soy;
- tapioca.
Wheat starch is used to make bread. It has the property of absorbing water during kneading. During the baking process, the substance gelatinizes, participating in the formation of the bread crumb. When the product is stored, the paste ages, causing the bread to become stale.
Rice starch is ideal for making sauces, desserts, syrups. Tapioca is made from cassava tubers. The paste will be more viscous compared to the corn product. It is used to make soups, gravy.
Starch refers to complex carbohydrates, which are divided into natural (vegetables, fruits, legumes) and refined (flour and products from it). The second type of products is recognized as harmful.
What is potato starch made of?
The composition of starch is varied. It contains many simple sugars, collected in long chains. These are the composition and structure of starch. The unit of chain 1 is glucose, which is the source of energy in the body. The composition of potato starch is:
Microelements - phosphorus, calcium, potassium
Composition of corn starch
GOST 32159-2013 is used to check the quality of the product. In stores, you need to purchase goods made on the basis of thisdocument.
According to it, the composition of cornstarch is as follows:
- water – 14-16%;
- acidity - 20-25 cu. see;
- protein - 0.8-1%;
- SO2 – 50 mg/kg.
There should be no impurities of other starches. The composition of this type of starch includes a little selenium, manganese, magnesium, sodium, zinc.
Getting options
The chemical composition of starch may vary depending on the feedstock. After all, it happens to be potato, corn, rice, wheat, sorghum. Each product differs in properties and the presence of additional components.
If the product is obtained from grains, the mass is soaked and ground to remove germs from the seeds. The residue is crushed again, and then substances are isolated from it and dried. As a result, it may contain mineral components and vitamins. This procedure is performed with potatoes, only instead of eliminating the embryos, the juice and peel are removed.
Usually the creation of starch is based on the processing of potatoes. Tubers contain about 25% of this substance. And in cereals, it is present in the range of 65-80%. Potatoes are used more often because their chopping does not break down equipment quickly compared to mashing grains.
Use
The product is used in the food industry. Kissels, sauces, creams, sausages, pastries are prepared from it. In most sausages, it is starch that is present, which is added to obtain a dense consistency. It usually serves as a product thickener andbinding fluid in it. For example, to obtain jelly or mayonnaise. For this, modified starch is used.
This carbohydrate is also used in other areas:
- In pharmacology, it is used as a filler in preparations in the form of tablets. It is added to baby powders, ointments. Syrups, potions, sorbitols and glucose are prepared with it.
- In medicine, it is used for intoxication, gastritis, ulcers. Starch perfectly protects the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. The product relieves spurs on the heels, relieves skin irritation, diaper rash.
- In cosmetology, masks and creams are prepared from the product. Such compositions have a nourishing and softening effect. Products do not cause allergies, are used for all skin types.
- In the pulp and textile industry. The product is needed for processing paper and is considered its filler. The composition of starch and cellulose allows them to be used in different areas. In the textile field, it is used for processing materials.
Benefits and harms
It is important to know the composition and properties of starch. The product is energizing. It is because of its presence in grains, cereals that bread, pastries and cereals are nutritious. Starch with a high content of amylose is the so-called intestinal massager. It breaks down worse than a product that contains amylopectin, therefore it forms a lump in the intestines, stimulating its work, improving digestion. A useful property of the product is the ability to restore the body after a change in the levelblood sugar in diabetes.
But starch also has harmful properties. With it, a person quickly gains weight due to the high calorie content. The product is perfect for people who move a lot. Otherwise, he has no contraindications.
Daily Value
Starch under the influence of acid undergoes hydrolysis, after which it turns into glucose. It will be the body's main source of energy. Therefore, for good he alth, a person needs to consume some amount of starch.
Enough to eat cereals, baked goods and pasta, legumes, potatoes and corn. At least a little bran should be added to food. The daily norm is 330-450 grams.
Since starch is considered a complex carbohydrate, it is consumed if there is no possibility of frequent meals. The product is transformed due to gastric juice, releasing the glucose necessary for the body. The need for the product decreases with liver diseases, light physical exertion, as well as during work that requires a quick supply of energy.
Scarcity and excess
It is necessary to use the product in moderation so as not to harm the body. With a lack, a person suffers:
- weakness;
- fatigue;
- frequent depression;
- lowered immunity;
- reduced sex drive.
But there is an excess of starch. Then the following signs are observed:
- headaches;
- heavy weight;
- decreased immunity;
- irritability;
- problems in the small intestine;
- constipation.
Choice
When buying, you should pay attention to the date of manufacture, the integrity of the package, the absence of lumps. The product must not have any solids. The presence of a white powder is important. With rubbing, a characteristic creak is formed. The product is stored up to 5 years in an airtight container.
Corn starch is great for making cream and biscuit dough. Appearance is similar to flour of the highest quality. Kissels are made from potato starch. The product is used for baking curd and fruit cakes. It has a pure white color.
Cooking
Starch can be made at home. This requires small, frozen and injured potatoes. It needs to be washed and cleaned. Rotten and very dirty areas must be eliminated. Then the potatoes are grated, passed through a meat grinder. But you can crush it.
Pour cold water into a wide basin or pan. The mass should be gradually laid out in a sieve and immersed in a container, rubbing the gruel, washing the starch, pouring water on top. The pulp should be wrung out.
From the basin it is necessary to drain the clear water so as not to shake the starch at the bottom. Then it is poured with cold water, stirred and allowed to settle. The water is drained, and the starch is transferred to paper or a towel for drying. The product is then sieved and stored in a dry place.
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