Kidney diet: allowed and prohibited foods, sample menu, recipes

2024 Author: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:14

Renal failure or other severe kidney disease is treated with a complex effect. An important role in recovery is played not only by drug therapy, but also by a therapeutic renal diet. If the correct menu is observed, the patient recovers faster, in addition, many complications can be avoided.

Types of therapeutic diets

There are several types of therapeutic nutrition for pathologies of the urinary system:

• for kidney disease without complications;
• with urolithiasis;
• with kidney damage due to diabetes;
• for kidney failure.

Which diet is appropriate in a particular case, the doctor decides.

The diagnosis is made on the basis of the data obtained during the diagnosis. Self-selection of a power plan is highly discouraged, since each menu has a number of features and contains prohibited foods. Incorrect nutrition can lead to complications.

Basic principles of the kidney disease diet

To build a therapeutic diet, you should consider a few basic rules of nutrition:

1. Food should be ingested in small portions, so three meals a day are replaced with five meals a day.
2. The state of the kidneys is affected by the amount of fluid consumed. To reduce the burden on the body, doctors recommend reducing the volume to 800-1000 ml. Keep in mind that this amount includes water, tea, soup and other liquids.
3. At least 2,500-3,000 calories should be consumed on a kidney diet daily.
4. S alt intake should be kept to a minimum.
5. All items on the menu must be boiled or steamed. Fried and fatty foods are highly discouraged.
6. Protein content in the diet should be minimal. This is explained by the fact that during its splitting, the formation of creatinine and urea occurs. The removal of these elements from the human body is the task of the kidneys. If this organ malfunctions, an accumulation of urea and creatinine occurs, which leads to a toxic effect on the body.
7. Products with a high content of phosphorus should be excluded from the diet. This microelement is excreted from the body through the kidneys, however, with renal failure, its withdrawal is difficult. An excess of phosphorus in the body provokes calcium leaching and the development of osteoporosis.

Forbidden foods

You should also consider which foods in the diet for kidney failure are strongly discouraged.

Banned:

1. Alcohol. Hot drinks increase the burden on the entire human body, including the urinary system.
2. Soda drinks. Such products contain preservatives and dyes that can cause irritation and inflammation in the kidneys.
3. Bread of regular baking. This restriction is due to the high s alt content of regular baked goods.
4. Products with a pronounced taste (s alty, spicy, spicy). Such food increases the load on the urinary system and provokes abundant fluid intake.
5. In chronic renal failure in the diet limit the amount of saturated broth (fish, mushroom and meat). These foods are high in protein.
6. Semi-finished meat products (sausage, sausages, other products) and canned food.
7. Chocolate, cocoa, coffee and products containing them.
8. Foods rich in animal fats (butter, fatty meat, lard, caviar).
9. Marinated and pickled vegetables.
10. Spinach, sorrel, radish, radish, mushrooms, legumes.
11. Horseradish, mustard, red and black pepper.

Allowed Foods

There is also a list of foods recommended for use while following a kidney diet:

1. Vegetarian soups with vegetables and cereals. As a dressing, you can use low-fat sour cream, a small amount of butter,citric acid.
2. Dairy products. You can safely include milk, sour cream, kefir, fermented baked milk, cottage cheese in the diet.
3. Compotes, rosehip broth, juices (vegetable and fruit), weak tea and coffee.
4. Eggs. They can be boiled or cooked in an omelette. It is recommended to eat no more than 2 eggs per day.
5. Various cereals (buckwheat, rice, oatmeal, pearl barley, millet).
6. Pasta.
7. Low-fat fish. It is best boiled, steamed or baked.
8. Poultry, rabbit, lean beef and lamb.
9. S alt-free bread, pancakes, pancakes with yeast without s alt.
10. Refined vegetable oil, uns alted butter, ghee.
11. Vegetables, raw and boiled.
12. Raw and boiled fruits and berries (in compote).
13. Jelly, honey, jam, candy.

Exemplary kidney diet menu for 1 day: option 1

This menu for 1 day is made taking into account all the needs of the body. Such a diet can be used without changes or vary dishes at your own discretion. At the same time, you can use those foods that are allowed by the therapeutic diet.

• First breakfast. Friable buckwheat porridge, soft-boiled egg, sweet weak tea.
• Second breakfast. Several baked apples.
• Lunch. Vegetarian borscht (can be seasoned with sour cream), boiled meat, potatoes, dried fruit compote.
• Snack. Rosehip decoction (you can add honey).
• Dinner. Noodles with cottage cheese, apple-carrot meatballs and weak tea.

Before you start sticking to such a menu, you need to consult a doctor.

Sample menu for 1 day: option 2

Another menu option for the day:

• Breakfast. A portion of porridge with milk, s alt-free bread with jam or butter, a glass of weak tea.
• Second breakfast. 2 egg omelette (can be replaced with cottage cheese), any fruit.
• Lunch. Vegetable soup (without meat), steamed veal, mashed potatoes and a glass of any fruit juice.
• Snack. Vegetable salad with vegetable oil or casserole.
• Dinner. Pasta or spaghetti with seafood. Can be topped with cream sauce.
• Before going to sleep at night. If you feel hungry in the evening, you can drink a glass of kefir or another fermented milk product, eat a bun.

Recommendations for urolithiasis

Diet for renal colic and stones is somewhat different from the general kidney. The main task of such a diet is to limit the intake of foods rich in calcium.

The list of recommended products is called:

• flour products, including bakery products;
• weak broths (fish and meat), as well as soups made with broths;
• meat and fish dishes;
• pumpkin, green peas;
• porridge from any cereals;
• berries and apples of sour varieties;
• mushrooms;
• sweets, honey, sugar.

At the same time, you need to minimize the consumption of the following productssupply:

• dairy products (including milk, kefir, cottage cheese, cheese);
• spicy, smoked and s alty dishes;
• animal fats (butter, fatty meats);
• potatoes and all other vegetables not listed as recommended;
• milk, vegetable and fruit soups.

Features of nutrition in kidney damage in patients with diabetes

Patients with diabetes are forced to follow a special diet throughout their lives. However, with concomitant diseases, the menu becomes more strict.

Diabetes and kidney he alth are directly linked. The constant excretion of glucose from the body leads to an increase in pressure inside the renal glomeruli. Over time, the shell of the glomeruli becomes thicker, resulting in inadequate blood purification. To prevent complications, doctors recommend a special diet for kidney failure and diabetes.

There are several basic principles of therapeutic nutrition.

1. You need to eat small portions, but often (5-6 times a day).
2. Liquid intake should be limited.
3. Daily intake of protein (animal) should not exceed 70 g.
4. Food should only be eaten warm.
5. Strong tea and coffee are not recommended.
6. The amount of fruits and berries consumed per day should not exceed 150 g.

Which products are notrecommended for diabetics

The diet for kidney failure and diabetes involves the rejection of the following types of foods (or the use of their minimum amount):

• potatoes in any form;
• lentils, peas and other legumes;
• tea, coffee and cocoa powder;
• any dried fruit;
• nuts;
• spinach;
• soy;
• wheat.

In this case, preference should be given to boiled, baked, steamed and stewed dishes. Fried foods should be completely excluded from the menu.

Baked pasta with egg

Patients who are shown a diet for kidney failure can include pasta in the menu. To make egg pasta you will need:

• pasta in the amount of 60 g;
• egg - 1 pc.;
• water - 350 ml;
• milk - about 30 ml;
• butter - teaspoon;
• vegetable oil - about 5 ml.

Boil pasta in boiling water until fully cooked, put on a sieve and leave to glass water. Mix milk and egg in a separate bowl. Grease a baking sheet with vegetable oil, put pasta in it, season with butter and pour over the egg-milk mixture. Send the dish to a preheated oven and bake until cooked.

Lean vegetable soup

This dish can be consumed as part of a diet for chronic renal failure and in the presence of kidney stones. From vegetables you will need:

• potatoes - 3 pieces;
• tomato - 1 pc.;
• zucchini - 1 pc. (you need to choose a small vegetable);
• carrot - 1 piece

Vegetables are cleaned, washed thoroughly, the seeds are removed from the zucchini. All prepared foods are cut into small cubes and placed in a small saucepan. Cold water is poured in there. Its amount should be enough to completely cover the layer of vegetables. After boiling, the soup is simmered over low heat for about 20 minutes. At the end of cooking, greens and sour cream can be added to the dish.

Beef stew with zucchini

This tasty, hearty dish can be included in the kidney failure diet. For cooking, you need to prepare the following products:

• a piece of beef pulp - about 500 g (you need to choose lean meat);
• carrots - 2 pieces;
• butter - 1 tsp;
• zucchini - 1 pc. (medium);
• some greenery.

The meat is washed, cut into pieces and lightly fried in butter. While the beef is fried, the carrots are peeled, washed and grated. Vegetables are added to the pan with meat. A small amount of water is also poured there and stewed under the lid for about 15 minutes. Zucchini is peeled and seeds are cut into cubes and placed in a frying pan. All together stew under the lid for another 20 minutes. The finished dish is seasoned with finely chopped herbs.

Millet meatballs

Such a simple dish will help diversify the diet menu. In the course of its preparation, only those products are used,which are allowed for use in renal failure. Among the ingredients:

• millet - 1 tbsp;
• water - 300 ml;
• milk - 1 tbsp;
• sugar - 25-30 g;
• egg - 1 pc.;
• olive oil - a little for frying;
• sour cream to taste.

The groats are thoroughly washed, poured with boiling water and boiled under a lid over low heat for 15 or 20 minutes. After this time, add milk to the porridge, close the lid again and continue to cook for another 35-40 minutes.

After the millet has cooked and cooled down a bit, sugar and a raw egg are added to the mass and mixed thoroughly. Small meatballs are formed from the resulting porridge. It is better to bread them not with breadcrumbs, but in sesame seeds, and then lightly fry them in oil. The finished dish is seasoned with sour cream.