Diet after removing kidney stones: features, recipes, allowed and prohibited foods

2024 Author: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:14

Urolithiasis is a common pathology that occurs in both men and women. In the absence of treatment and compliance with certain nutritional rules, the stones increase in size. As a result, the formations cannot be crushed and come out on their own, surgical intervention is required. After the stones have been removed surgically, a certain diet should be followed. After removing stones from the kidneys, there is a high risk of developing infectious processes, the formation of cysts on the body of the organ. It is necessary to strictly follow all the appointments of the nephrologist, otherwise the patient's condition may worsen.

Causes of kidney stones

The operation to remove kidney stones today is not very difficult. However, if the patient does not follow the rules of postoperative behavior, the consequences can be very serious, up to the development of chronic renal failure. To date, remove stones fromkidney laser can be quickly and safely, but this does not eliminate the need for a postoperative diet.

For what reasons does urolithiasis develop, why do sand and stones form in the tissues of the kidneys? The reasons for the formation of stone disease can be both a change in the water-s alt balance, and changes in the chemical composition of the blood. But what are the reasons for these changes? Here is a list of the most common:

• endocrine diseases;
• genetic predisposition;
• presence of chronic kidney disease;
• malnutrition, alcohol abuse;
• some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - gastritis, ulcers, erosion;
• violation of the s alt balance in the body;
• stay in extreme conditions, accompanied by hunger, lack of water;
• Regular dehydration for one reason or another;
• excess minerals in the diet;
• drinking high s alt water.

Symptoms to look out for

If you notice the following symptoms in yourself, you should visit a nephrologist or at least take a biochemical blood test (special attention should be paid to creatinine and urea levels):

• the presence of blood in the urine, a change in the amount or consistency of urine;
• periodic dull pain in the lumbar region, usually on one side only;
• presence of sediment in the urine;
• subfebrile body temperature is about 37 degrees;
• increased puffinesslimbs, face;
• rezi when urinating on one side of the lower abdomen (less often - on both sides at once).

Kidneys are a paired organ with few nerve endings in its tissues. Therefore, they rarely get sick on their own. If the pain nevertheless appeared, then we can talk about the inflammatory process in the tissues (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis). If small stones come out on their own, then the patient feels a sharp pain in the ureters (lower abdomen), while urine is excreted painfully and in small portions. If there is a suspicion that a stone is coming out, it is better to call an ambulance - the independent removal of stones does not always end successfully.

Depending on age, lifestyle and gender, the symptoms of kidney stones may vary somewhat. Treatment for women and men is the same. It should be taken into account that the more bad habits a patient has, the more he gets tired physically at work, the more pronounced the signs of an incipient pathology may be. In some cases, surgery alone is the only treatment. Symptoms of kidney stones in women can be exacerbated during the period of premenstrual syndrome (swelling increases, lower back pain is forced to take painkillers). Men don't have this problem.

Medical table: diet after kidney stones removal

Immediately after the operation, you need to carefully monitor the diet. If in the first days after surgery, the strict adherence to the diet after the removal of stones from the kidneys is monitored by medical personnel, thenafter discharge from the hospital, the responsibility for their well-being falls on the shoulders of the patient.

1. The diet for the first three days after the operation is calculated based on 700-800 kcal, of which 150 g of carbohydrates, 15-20 g of fat and 5 g of protein. Meals should be organized according to the rules of the medical table - diet No. 0a. The purpose of such nutrition is to minimize the load on the digestive tract, the body should be at rest. The patient is not allowed to move actively. The diet in the first days after the operation is quite strict. From food, it is permissible to use light meat and vegetable broths, decoctions and teas every two hours, 100-150 ml each. Porridge-like dishes, various mashed potatoes, soda, fatty dairy products are prohibited.
2. On the 3-4th day after the operation, the patient's diet should be gradually diversified. He switches to nutrition according to the principles of the medical surgical treatment diet number 1. It is permissible to eat soups that contain well-boiled cereals and vegetables. Fat rich meat and fish broths are prohibited. From meat, you can eat boiled turkey or chicken fillet, you can eat low-fat varieties of fish. From vegetables - potatoes, carrots, beets, cauliflower in the most boiled form. Raw fruit is best not eaten yet, but some patients are eating one sweet apple a day at this stage.
3. On the 5-6th day, the patient can switch to the diet of the medical diet No. 11. Nutrition becomes almost complete, but with quite noticeable limitations. This diet after removing kidney stones provides for frequent meals (every three hours) in small portions. The amount of protein consumed should not be cut, its amount should be approximately 1 g per kilogram of the patient's body weight. You can cook cereals (buckwheat, rice, oatmeal) in low-fat milk, cook diet cutlets without frying, use fermented milk products with a low percentage of fat content. The diet must contain cottage cheese, raw vegetables and fruits, wheat and rye bread. Food should be introduced gradually, monitoring the body's reaction to a particular product.

List of prohibited foods and drinks

If the patient wants the kidneys to work properly, so that the inflammatory process does not develop after the operation, so that the stones do not form again, you should stop eating the following foods and drinks:

• sausages, snacks, aspic, canned food and other dishes, the fat content of which is high, while preservatives, spices and spices were added in large quantities;
• fast food, fried potatoes, fried meatballs and other dishes that involve frying and adding a lot of fat;
• Depending on the type of stones, a permanent ban may be imposed on some types of vegetables and fruits;
• will have to significantly limit the amount of coffee and chicory consumed;
• Sugary carbonated drinks are banned;
• any spirits, regardless of strength and quality.

Nutrition after removal of urate kidney stones

Formation of urate kidney stonesoccurs due to excess uric acid s alts. Based on this information, you can make a list of foods that a patient with urate stones (both before and after their removal) should not eat:

• mussels, scallops, oysters;
• meat offal;
• legumes;
• spinach, sorrel, Brussels sprouts;
• beef and goose liver;
• from drinks - black and green tea, coffee, chicory.

It is acceptable to use alkaline mineral waters. When compiling the menu, one should be guided by the principle of saturating the body with the maximum amount of vitamins and microelements. Every day a person should receive a sufficient amount of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and fiber with food. Urate stones in no way prevent the use of protein or tableted amino acids, minerals.

Nutrition after removal of phosphate stones

Formations depend on the degree of violation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, while urine has a more alkaline character. Nutrition for a patient with phosphate stones has the following restrictions:

• fermented milk products (except low-fat sour cream);
• any kind of fish and seafood in canned form;
• chicken egg yolk is also banned;
• nuts, seeds.

It is permissible to use varieties of fish that contain a minimum amount of phosphorus, and only in stewed, boiled form. When choosing vitamin-mineral complexes, preference should be given to the one in which completelythere is no phosphorus or its amount is negligible.

Diet after removal of oxalate kidney stones

Oxalate-type stones are formed due to an excess of oxalic acid entering the body. Therefore, you will have to abandon foods and dishes that contain this substance. This is:

• leaf lettuce;
• sorrel;
• spinach and rhubarb;
• beets;
• carrots, zucchini;
• fruits - oranges, lemons;
• berries - blueberries, raspberries, currants, gooseberries, blueberries.

From drinks should be limited to a minimum, but it is better to completely abandon the use of tea, coffee, chicory. It is also undesirable to eat legumes, nuts, chocolate.

How to cook oatmeal porridge with milk?

Oatmeal with milk is an excellent breakfast for patients after surgery. If the stones were phosphate, then milk from plant components should be used.

1. Heat 200 ml of milk over low heat, pour 100 grams of porridge into a cup.
2. Stir, add a spoonful of honey, a pinch of s alt.
3. After boiling, mix thoroughly again, cover and let it brew for 5-10 minutes.

How to cook oatmeal porridge with milk if you want variety? Well, you have to be imaginative. Adding dried fruits, pieces of fruit (from the list allowed for a certain type of stones), cinnamon, vanilla will make the dish unusual in taste and aroma.

Diet first courses

Soups arehearty and wholesome food. You can significantly diversify your diet if you study the recipes for mashed vegetable soups. This is a low-calorie and he althy dish that is quickly digested and does not exacerbate chronic kidney disease.

Important point: patients with oxalate stones should not add carrots, spinach, legumes, zucchini to soups.

Easy Vegetable Soup Recipe:

1. Peel, wash and cut into cubes three medium-sized potatoes, 100 grams of chicken fillet, one onion, one carrot (if carrots are allowed on the diet - for example, patients with oxalate stones are forbidden to eat).
2. Cook vegetables and meat pieces in a liter of boiling s alted water for 20 minutes.
3. Do not drain the broth. When the mass has cooled, pour it into a blender and beat until smooth.
4. Reheat slightly over medium heat. Serve the soup hot and fresh, when reheated after the refrigerator, it will already be tasteless. You can add greens, wheat bread croutons, bell pepper rings to taste.

Recipe for a fluffy diet omelette

Patients after removing the stones, you can start eating eggs in the form of omelettes or soft-boiled eggs after a week. Try this fluffy and tender French omelet recipe:

• Crack three raw eggs into a cup (if yolks cannot be eaten, then an omelet should be prepared from proteins), add 50 ml of low-fat milk, lightly s alt. Whisk thoroughly untilappearance of light bubbles.
• Grease a non-stick frying pan with a very thin layer of vegetable oil, heat it over medium heat, pour the egg mixture on it, sprinkle with pre-cooked chopped herbs or mashed cheese on top, immediately close the lid and turn off the fire under the pan.
• Leave the omelet covered for 10-12 minutes. This is enough for the omelette to rise, but at the same time its bottom does not burn. Much depends on the pan: it is optimal if it is thick-walled and retains the maximum of the heat received. it is almost impossible to cook a fluffy tender omelet in a thin-walled frying pan - you will have to make do with scrambled eggs.

Desserts and sweets: what is allowed and what is not?

Many people can't imagine their life without sweets.

What sweet can I eat after kidney stone surgery?

1. Apples baked in the oven with honey and cinnamon. This recipe is dietary, low-calorie and at the same time the dish is very tasty. You should select several large apples, cut them in half, remove the core with the tip of a knife. Put half a teaspoon of honey into the resulting cavity. Lay the slices cut side up on a baking sheet lined with parchment. Sprinkle cinnamon on top of apples. Bake at 180 degrees for 15 minutes.
2. Jam from non-acidic berries (such as cherries) is also allowed after removing the stones. The exception is patients with oxalate stones, almost all berries are forbidden to them.
3. Fruit salads dressed with yogurt may also become a favorite dessert among patientsafter removal of kidney stones. Any fruit, including citrus fruits, can be used as ingredients for making a salad (provided that the patient does not have oxalate stones - oranges and lemons should be excluded for them).