2024 Author: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:14
"Sweet blood" - this is how the Greek word "glycemia" is literally translated, which means the content of glucose (sugar) in the blood. In a he althy human body, the indicator of glucose (sugar), which enters the body as part of carbohydrates and forms in the digestive tract, and then penetrates into the blood, is in the values of 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l, only with such values \u200b\u200bthe person feels in norm. As a result of complex biochemical transformations occurring in the cells of the body supplied with blood, glucose breaks down and ATP is formed - adenosine-3-phosphoric acid - a unique energy source for a living organism. Some organs (the brain for example) use glucose as energy. If the body has received an extremely large amount of carbohydrates, then glucose will be released in large volumes. Excess glucose when interacting with pancreatic hormoneconverted into glycogen (polysaccharide), deposited by the body in the liver and muscles in reserve in case of a lack of glucose in the blood. As the blood glucose level drops, glycogen will be broken down into glucose. It enters the bloodstream, maintaining the glycemic index at the proper level. And if the pancreas is not able to produce insulin in the volume that is necessary to process the entire amount of excess glucose into glycogen, then all glucose enters the bloodstream, which increases its concentration there, hyperglycemia occurs. It causes coma in diabetes mellitus, a disease in which the pancreas produces either an insufficient amount of insulin, or the mechanism of interaction between the hormone insulin and body cells is disrupted.
Types of diabetes
Cells of the liver, adipose tissue and muscles process glucose only when interacting with insulin. These organs are called insulin dependent. Other organs - insulin-independent - do not need insulin to process glucose (the brain for example). If the pancreas is not able to produce insulin in the required amount, then type 1 diabetes develops in the body - insulin-dependent. In the event that the coherence of the interaction between insulin and cells for processing glucose is disrupted, type 2 diabetes mellitus occurs - insulin-independent. Both types of diabetes are characterized by the accumulation of glucose in the blood above the limit level, and the cells of the body, except for those organs that are independent of insulin, experienceenergy hunger - they do not receive the main source of energy - glucose.
Causes of disease
Type 1 diabetes begins in childhood or develops during adolescence or adolescence. The reason for such an early disease lies in the hereditary predisposition of the body and the simultaneous impact of adverse factors - stress, viral infections, malnutrition, lack of vitamins and trace elements.
T2DM is for adults and the elderly. Causes - heredity, obesity and atherosclerosis, hypertension.
Diet food
Diet in both types of diabetes plays a critical role. Ideally, the diet of a diabetic should be 20% proteins, 30% fats (preferably of plant origin), 50% “long-playing” carbohydrates, that is, those that are absorbed by the body with difficulty. Food should be saturated with vitamins and microelements, especially vitamins C, A, E, group B, and microelements in the first place - iodine, iron, zinc, manganese. It is necessary to replace some (harmful for a diabetic) products with others - safe and useful. And for this you need to clearly know what you can and cannot eat with diabetes. The daily diet must be calculated with calorie counting.
What can not be eaten with diabetes?
For a normal carbohydrate metabolism to help the body, a diabetic suffering from any type of disease should exclude easily digestible carbohydrates from the diet. What not to eattype 1 diabetes? This is sugar, glucose in its pure form and all culinary products, the recipe of which contains these products: ice cream, sweetened condensed milk, coffee and cocoa, jam, syrups, jam, marmalade, jam, marmalade, sweet drinks, honey, any confectionery, muffin. The sweetness of food is given by sweeteners, which are selected depending on the heat treatment of the dish. What vegetables and fruits in diabetes are consumed in diabetes with a mandatory calorie count in the daily diet? Those in 100 grams of which the carbohydrate content is more than 10 g. These are vegetables: potatoes, green peas, beets, kohlrabi cabbage, parsnips, parsley, carrots, beans, onions. From fruits: bananas, grapes, pineapples, persimmons, figs, dates, apricots, pomegranates, cherries and cherries, peaches, pears, mulberries, plums, red and chokeberry rowan. Berries: wild strawberries and strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, currants (any), rose hips. What can not be eaten with type 2 diabetes? Foods and culinary products that are prohibited in type 1 diabetes. But, in addition, it is necessary to comply with additional restrictions aimed at anti-sclerotic help to the body. It is necessary to include fiber in the diet, bran bread, more low-calorie vegetables, reduce the calorie content of the daily diet - especially if you are overweight.
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