Diet for type 2 diabetes: principles of nutrition, sample menu, contraindications

2024 Author: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:14

Many underestimate the benefits of proper nutrition in the complex therapy of any disease. A person with type 2 diabetes needs a diet. Indeed, the basis of the disease is a metabolic disorder, which was originally caused by malnutrition. That is why, in some cases, diet is one of the only correct methods of treatment.

Type 2 diabetes

The hereditary factor plays the main role in the development of pathology. Studies have found that type 2 diabetes is passed on to children with a probability of up to 40%.

However, it is sometimes acquired from the wrong way of life. The risk of developing sugar type increases against the background of obesity, low mobility, excess refined carbohydrates, arterial hypertension, and a low content of dietary fiber in the diet.

The disease most often goes unnoticed, and its symptoms remain for a long time.time is too implicit. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes include: overweight, constant thirst, general or muscle weakness, itching of the skin and vagina, and wounds that do not heal for a long time.

Treatment for type 2 diabetes begins with diet and advice from an exercise specialist. This is done to normalize body weight.

The main goal of treating the disease is to maintain blood sugar levels within the range of 4.0-5.5 mmol/l, which corresponds to the indications of he althy people.

Most often this is enough to stop the progression of the disease and successfully control type 2 diabetes. Treatment with a diet allows you to stabilize carbohydrate metabolism and reduce glucose synthesis in liver tissues.

In case of rapid progression of the disease and in the event of complications, special medicines are prescribed.

Features of the diet

There are two types of diabetes:

• 1 type. The pancreas does not produce enough insulin, which is responsible for releasing glucose from the blood.
• 2 type. The pancreas produces the necessary amount of insulin, but the main problem is its absorption. The cells became insensitive to it. Therefore, it is important to review your diet and significantly limit the amount of glucose.

With type 1 diabetes, there are no strict dietary restrictions, it is important that it is he althy. The patient must correctly calculate the amount of carbohydrates in order to administer the dose of insulin. If there are problems with this, then the doctor makes up for the patientindividual menu and calculates the dose. He should only stick to it strictly.

A diet for type 2 diabetes (table 9 is the most preferred menu) is prescribed in most cases. What does it give to the patient:

• maintains normal blood glucose levels;
• reduces the risk of chronic diseases and complications;
• weight is stabilized, which is especially important for patients with diabetes.

The main goal of the diet is to normalize carbohydrate and fat metabolism. This is done in order to reduce the symptoms of the disease. The amount of protein food in the diet should remain unchanged. Switching to a vegetarian diet is not recommended. It is best that the diet is balanced and he althy. Patients will have to face certain limitations and change the way they cook food.

Many patients, when faced with restrictions for the first time, may think that their food cannot be varied. But this is absolutely not true. Diet for type 2 diabetes, table 9 in particular, can be he althy and tasty.

Due to the fact that many patients suffer from overweight, the calorie content of the diet is necessarily reduced to an average of 2,300 kcal per day.

If patients are unwilling to change their diet, none of the treatment options will help them much. Also, the diet menu for type 2 diabetes is recommended for those people who have high blood glucose levels. After all, the disease is treated mainly asway. With proper observance of all conditions, the indicators decrease to 5.5 mmol / l and metabolism is restored.

The list of allowed foods contains a fairly wide selection of products. With the right approach and imagination, the patient's menu turns out to be tasty and varied.

Principles of nutrition

Before compiling the menu, you must consult your doctor. Depending on the characteristics of the patient's body and the specifics of the treatment, dietary restrictions may be introduced. Nutrition in this disease must be fully balanced. The menu should include all the useful substances necessary for the body.

The main ones are proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins, water and minerals. All the food that people should eat consists of them. Proteins, fats and carbohydrates are the main source of energy and building material for the cells and tissues of the body.

There is the most optimal ratio of these substances. It is important that the diet includes carbohydrates (50%), fats (30%) and proteins (20%).

The energy value of food is measured in kilocalories.

With normal weight and average physical activity, the nutritional value of the diet can be as follows. For men (depending on age) 1,700-2,600 kcal, and for women - 1,700-2,200 kcal. With obesity, these figures are reduced by 20%.

Diet for type 2 diabetes becomes lifelong, taking into account the regimen and characteristics of the human body. Therefore, patients should find those dishes that can stabilize blood glucose levels. At the same time, they will be tasty andvaried.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic pathology that requires compliance with many rules. In this case, nutrition is the most important area. Pathology is directly related to metabolism. To normalize blood glucose levels, patients need a diet for type 2 diabetes. Obesity exacerbates the course of the disease. Therefore, it is important to prevent its occurrence by making the right diet.

Basic rules

To diet recommendations for sugar. type 2 diabetes include:

1. Due to insufficient insulin, the patient constantly feels bouts of hunger. Portions should be small, and meals should be held at least five times a day. It is important that meals are taken at the same time. If the patient does not have the opportunity to fully eat, then you need to carry a snack with you.
2. In the morning it is recommended to eat the most high-calorie food. This will allow the body to better cope with the influx of energy and feel normal throughout the day. Breakfast is a must, as metabolism can deteriorate even further.
3. Dinner should be 2 hours before bedtime.
4. Food should be prepared as follows: boiled, baked and stewed. Fried and smoked foods should be excluded from the diet of diabetic patients.
5. S alt should be kept to a minimum.
6. Sugar is best replaced with sorbitol or aspartame.
7. The daily calorie content of the patient's diet should not be more than recommended by a specialist.
8. First courses should be cooked only on the secondbroth.
9. It is best not to boil cereals for making cereals, but to steam them in a thermos. Thus, they will be digested more slowly.
10. Potatoes for first courses must be cut into cubes and soaked in water for 2 hours.
11. Drink 1.5 liters of water a day.
12. Permitted fruits and berries must have a sour taste.
13. Sick people should observe moderation and not overeat.
14. When you feel hungry, you can eat a fruit or vegetable.
15. Cooked food should not be very hot or cold.
16. Be sure to include only permitted foods in the diet and completely exclude prohibited ones.

Diet for Type 2 Diabetes is based on the principles of he althy eating and good eating habits. Some people use it when they need to lose weight.

Prohibited and Permitted Foods

To provide the body with vitamins, the diet menu for type 2 diabetes should include foods that do not cause a spike in insulin levels. Every patient knows what he needs to give up.

List of products banned by experts:

• alcoholic and carbonated drinks, beer;
• fatty fish and poultry;
• high fat dairy products;
• carrots and beets;
• rich broths;
• sugar;
• mayonnaise and sauces;
• rich desserts;
• foods high in s alt and fat;
• fast food, smoked meats, sausages andcanned food.

What can be on a diet for type 2 diabetes? Approved Foods:

• dairy products with a fat content of up to 2.5%;
• pumpkin, sweet peppers and potatoes are allowed to eat no more than 2 times a week;
• durum wheat pasta;
• asparagus, cabbage, tomatoes, herbs and cucumbers;
• lean meat and fish, mushrooms;
• whole grain bread;
• avocado.

It is allowed to include seafood salads, vegetable caviar, jellied fish, beef jelly in the diet menu for type 2 diabetes (table 9). You can also eat uns alted cheese, which contains no more than 3% carbohydrates.

It is not forbidden to drink the following drinks: tea, coffee, vegetable smoothies or juices, berry fruit drinks, compotes. Instead of sugar, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sorbitol, xylitol are used.

For cooking, you can use vegetable oil, as well as ghee or butter in a minimum amount.

What can be on a diet for type 2 diabetes? Eat sweet and sour fruits in moderation, according to doctors, this will only benefit. However, you should not include in the diet: grapes, dates, apricots, figs, bananas, watermelons and cherries. This is because these fruits have a high glycemic index.

The menu can include: kiwi, grapefruit, quince, tangerines, apples, peaches, pears. Of the berries, diabetics can eat gooseberries, currants, cherries, strawberries and blueberries.

Fruits may be eaten fresh or cooked from themfruit drinks. Juices can only be drunk freshly squeezed.

Grains are especially beneficial for diabetes:

• Buckwheat porridge is able to saturate the body for a long time and maintain a stable glucose level.
• Oats contain vegetable insulin. If you include oatmeal for breakfast, then the body's need for insulin will significantly decrease.
• Barley groats slow down the absorption of simple sugars.
• Barley and corn porridge are the most nutritious. They have a lot of dietary fiber, minerals, which fills the body's daily need for them.
• Millet porridge abounds in phosphorus, vitamins, complex carbohydrates. It can be cooked on water, with pumpkin, consumed with kefir.

Beans are of particular benefit to patients. Lentils contain vegetable protein, vitamins B, A, PP. It is highly digestible.

Beans, chickpeas, beans contain proteins, fiber and pectins. They are able to remove s alts of heavy metals from the body. Carbohydrates quickly utilize insulin. The main thing is not to exceed the norm.

Beans should not be used for colitis and problems with the digestive tract.

Sample menu

Before you move on to a 7-day diet, you need to understand how large servings should be. It is allowed to use: first courses (200 ml), meat (120 g), side dish (150 g), berries (200 g), cottage cheese (150 g), milk (250 ml), salad (120 g). It is allowed to eat a slice of bread 3 times a day, as well as a large piece of fruit.

A glass of natural yogurt is allowed between mealsor curdled milk, a handful of nuts, 5 dried apples, vegetable salad dressed with olive oil.

Diet menu for type 2 diabetes for a week, patients can make their own, or can use ready-made options. Daily diet consists of 3 main meals and 3 snacks.

	Breakfast	Lunch	Dinner
1 day	Millet porridge with milk (150 g), chicory (250 ml)	Meatball soup (200 ml), pearl barley (150 g), coleslaw (120 g)	Baked fish (120 g), stewed cabbage (150 g)
2 day	Zucchini fritters (150g), low fat sour cream (20g), tea (250ml)	Bean soup (200ml), bran bread slice (35g), pumpkin puree (150g)	Peppers stuffed with meat and vegetables (150g)
Day 3	Oatmeal (150 g), compote (250 ml)	Turkey millet soup (200 ml), black bread slice (35 g), cabbage cutlets (150 g)	Vegetable stew (150 g), boiled chicken (120 g)
4 day	Zucchini caviar (150 g), one boiled egg, yogurt (250 ml)	Sorrel borscht (200 ml), beans in tomato with mushrooms (150 g)	Boiled fish (120 g), stewed cabbage (150 g)
5 day	Millet porridge (150 g), cocoa (250 ml)	Pea soup (200 ml), meat zrazy (150 g), bread (35 g)	Buckwheat with chicken (150/120 g), cabbage salad (120 g)
6 day	Buckwheat(200 g), chicory (250 ml)	Pumpkin soup (200ml), fresh cucumber (85g), 2 eggs, bread (35g)	Vegetable stew (150g), chicken piece (120g)
7 day	2 egg omelet (150g), berry jelly (100g), cocoa (250ml)	Vegetarian cabbage soup (200 ml), fish stewed in tomato (150 g), slice of bread (35 g)	Zucchini stuffed with meat and vegetables (150g)

In addition to the main meals, patients are allowed to include 3 snacks per day.

Here are their options for a weekly type 2 diabetes diet:

• fermented milk products with bran, berries (250 ml), rye bread croutons (35 g);
• fruit salad dressed with natural yoghurt and lemon juice (120 g);
• cottage cheese with fruits and berries (150 g);
• salad of raw or boiled vegetables, as well as mashed potatoes (150 g);
• special products for diabetics.

As you can see from the menu above, these dishes are delicious and he althy.

How to cook diet meals

You can cook low-carb meals for type 2 diabetes using the following secrets:

1. It is recommended to add chopped hercules or cabbage to meat cutlets instead of bread.
2. When stuffing sweet peppers or tomatoes into minced meat, you can put buckwheat or finely chopped cabbage instead of rice.
3. It is allowed to add avocados to vegetable salads, the result will be a tasty and he althy dish.
4. The diet includes not only raw vegetables. Themthey bake, cook vinaigrettes, pate and caviar from them. Mushrooms are also added to them.
5. Sick people can make their own lemonade. To do this, add orange, lemon or other citrus juice to a glass of mineral water. To improve the taste, a substitute is used instead of sugar.
6. Patients with diabetes can cook baked dishes instead of boiled ones. They are more varied and tasty. You can bake several dishes at the same time. For example, fish in foil, vegetable casserole and pot roast. The main thing is that there is no contradiction in smells.

Diet for type 2 diabetes (table 9) can be varied if people show their imagination.

Recipes

All dishes for table 9 are prepared from low-calorie products. They are usually prepared by boiling, stewing or baking.

The recipe for baked vegetables with asparagus is very simple. For their preparation, they take onions, asparagus, cauliflower, zucchini, tomatoes, carrots, greens.

Vegetables are peeled and cut into cubes. The asparagus is minced. All components are steamed until half cooked. The dish is placed in the oven, adding a little olive oil and s alt. Bake until cooked at 180 degrees. You can also use the second cooking option - stew in a pan.

To diversify the diet for type 2 diabetes, prepare curd soufflé with apples. The dish has a simple way of preparation. It requires the following products: cottage cheese (500 g), apples, chicken eggs.

The main component is thoroughly kneaded, then passed through a sieve for a homogeneous state. Eggs and grated apples are added to the resulting mass. Everything is mixed and laid out in a form. Bake at 180 degrees for a quarter of an hour.

Zucchini with minced chicken is a dish that people with diabetes like. It is easy to prepare, it contains the most common products. The dish consists of the following ingredients: fresh zucchini, onions, minced chicken, hard cheese, low-fat cream, herbs and s alt.

On a baking sheet, greased with oil, put minced meat, then onions (cut into half rings), a layer of cream, chopped zucchini, grated cheese, cream again. The dish is baked in the oven at 180 degrees for 30-40 minutes. Before eating, the casserole is decorated with greens.

Complications

There is a high risk of developing life-threatening consequences if the diet and recommendations of a specialist are not followed, as well as in the absence of proper medical treatment.

Type 2 diabetes can cause acute disorders of the heart, blood vessels, nervous and musculoskeletal systems. The disease can lead to deterioration in the functioning of the kidneys, liver and digestive tract. Type 2 diabetes can cause:

• pain in the joints, limitation in their mobility;
• paresis and paralysis;
• kidney failure;
• cataract and fiber damage;
• leg ulcers and gangrene.

Therefore, full compliance with all the recommendations of the attending physician and diet is one of the main methodstreatment of the disease.

Contraindications

A low-calorie diet is contraindicated in patients who have developed severe diabetic nephropathy. There are also special nuances in the advanced form of diabetes with blood glucose levels of 16 mmol / l or more. They need to switch to a new diet, this should be done gradually, not immediately.

Specialists are confident that in case of diabetic retinopathy and the advanced course of the disease, a low-calorie diet is not contraindicated, and sometimes it is the only way to help patients.

Proper and balanced nutrition in type 2 diabetes is not a problem. After all, you can cook dishes that will please not only the patient himself, but also all members of his family. A properly balanced and varied diet will help maintain he alth for people who do not have chronic diseases.

After getting acquainted with all the features of the diet and studying the list of products allowed by the specialist, you can independently and easily create a menu. The main thing is not to eat a lot of food at a time and stick to the above norms.