Types and names of sweets (list)

2024 Author: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-02 16:12

For most people, sweets are a favorite delicacy that can not only please with their taste, but also cheer up and add energy. These sweets of various types have been prepared for several centuries, and the name of the sweets (the list of which is presented in the article) has changed significantly during this time.

This article will tell you what types of sweet treats are produced today by confectionery enterprises, how they differ and what they are called.

When did they appear?

Sweet treats, the forerunners of our favorite sweets, have been loved in different countries since ancient times. So the culinary specialists of Ancient Egypt created sweets from honey, lemon balm, toffee roots, cane and dates, and the ancient Romans - from boiled poppy seeds, nuts, honey mass and sesame. In Russia, they loved a delicacy made from maple syrup, honey and molasses.

Candies, outwardly similar to modern ones, began to be produced only in the 16th century in Italy. This is due to the fact that it was establishedindustrial production of sugar, without which it is impossible to make sweets. Initially, it was believed that this is a rather strong drug, and it was sold only in pharmacies. Over time, candied fruits in sugar, it was they who received the names of sweets, ceased to be considered medicines, and became popular sweets.

What is this?

The very word "candy" came to Russian from Italian, where confetto means "pill, candy". Initially, it was used by Italian pharmacists to name candied pieces of fruit - candied fruit, sold as medicines. The plural form "candy" appeared somewhat later in the 19th century, when Italian carnivals became popular, in which participants threw confetti at each other - fake plaster candies.

Today, sweets mean sweet confectionery products of various shapes, appearance, taste and structure.

What are they like?

The modern assortment of sweets is so large that confectioners have come up with many classifications. We are also interested in what types of sweets we can buy in the store, the names of which may differ slightly from different manufacturers. Most popular and in demand by Russian buyers:

• Caramel. Consists of molasses and sugar.
• Lollipops. One of the easiest confections to make, made by boiling molasses, sugar or corn syrup. The resulting composition is flavored and poured intospecial forms. Candy name list is below.

- caramel lozenges;

- lollipops;

- paper-wrapped lollipops;

- soft lollipops - Monpasier;

- licorice or s alty sweets;

- an elongated or oblong candy shape. The names and photos of such "pencils" and "sticks" are presented below.

• Iris, more commonly called toffees. This name was invented by the French confectioner Morna, who worked in St. Petersburg at the beginning of the 20th century, when he saw the similarity of such sweets with iris flower petals. They are made from condensed milk, butter and sugar and contain vitamin B_{12 necessary for the normal functioning of the body. "Tuzik", "Kis-Kis", "Golden Key", "Dairy Cows" - these are all the names of sweets in Soviet times. The list of toffees then, as you can see, was small.}
• Chocolates.



Depending on the filling, the following types are distinguished:

- soufflé, for example, "Bird's Milk", which may also be called "Wonderful Bird", "Bogorodskaya Bird", "Zimolyubka" and others;

- roasted, obtained from crushed nuts filled with sugar, fruit or honey syrup. These are sweets such as "Rillage in chocolate", "Rillage fairy tale", "Strawberry roast" and others;

- pralines - chocolate sweets stuffed with nuts ground with sugar and cocoa mixed with cognac or some other flavoring: "Bud", "Babaevsky", "Shokonatka","Juliet";

- liqueur sweets contain inside the filling of liquor or sugar syrup with cognac: "Cream liqueur", "Liquor in chocolate", "Blue velvet";

- in sweets with jelly filling under a layer of chocolate there is a thick berry or fruit jelly: "Lel", "Southern Night", "Lebedushka", "Zaliv" and others;

- "Fudge" or sweets with fondant filling obtained from milk, molasses, cream, sugar, fruit fillers and other components: "Mia", "Rakhat", "Spanish Night" and others;

- truffles - elite round-shaped chocolate sweets filled with a special French cream - ganache. It is made from butter, cream, chocolate and various flavorings. The outer surface can be coated with crushed or ground nuts, wafer crumbs or cocoa powder.

Chocolate Stories

Beloved by many, chocolate sweets appeared thanks to the famous navigator - Hernando Cortes, who discovered the American continent. It was he and his associates who brought cocoa beans to Europe and introduced Europeans to chocolate. The monk Benzoni contributed to the fact that chocolates began to be regularly consumed to maintain the he alth of the Spanish monarch, and after him his courtiers. Subsequently, the fashion for chocolates spread to other countries, where influential people used them as a medicine. Until the 17th century, only Spanish confectioners made chocolate and sweets from it, and sent sweets to many royal courts. Over time, the secret of making chocolate sweets became known to other countries, but beforeat the end of the 17th century they were made only by hand.

How did sweets appear in Russia?

The first confectionery factory for the production of chocolates was opened at the end of the 17th century by the French confectioner David Shelley. Until the 19th century, Russia did not have its own candy production, and the delicacy was brought from abroad, or prepared by special chefs in the kitchens in the homes of rich nobles. The first Russian confectionery factory was opened in St. Petersburg only in the middle of the 19th century.

What was candy called before?

As already mentioned, until the 19th century, sweets were either imported into our country from abroad, or produced at home in the estates and palaces of nobles. For sweets made at home, descriptive names were given, taking into account the shape, method of preparation, size, fruits and fruits used. The book “The New Perfect Russian Confectioner, or a Detailed Confectionery Dictionary”, published at the end of the 18th century in St. Petersburg, contains such funny names for us as sweets such as Strawberry Cakes and Green Apricots in Caramel, Jasmine Candies and Anise Sugar Snacks, Cherry Marzipans and Apricots in lollipops.

Industry names

The opening of the first Russian confectionery factory led to the fact that already at the beginning of the 20th century, many different varieties of sweets appeared. At first, French recipes and names of sweets prevailed, the list of which was not very long:

• Baton de Gralier;
• Finchampagne;
• Crème de risienne;
• "Boulle de Gome";
• Crème de Noison;
• "Maron Praline" and others.

Over time, the French name of chocolates began to be translated into Russian, and “Creamy Venus”, “Cat's Tongue”, “Girl's Skin”, “Salon” appeared on sale, decorated in accordance with Russian grammar. However, in some cases, bilingual candy names were also used, for example, “Studded with pearls, or Coriandor Perle”. Russian confectioners called the new sweets they created themselves in Russian and often used names associated with the images of the fair sex: “Sophie”, “Marianna”, “Merry Widow”, “Rybachka”, “Marsala”. Educational series were also produced, for example, "The Riddle". A simple riddle was placed on the wrapper of such sweets. Before the revolutionary events of 1917, chocolate series "Sport", "Geographical Atlas", "Peoples of Siberia" and others were produced.

Soviet sweets

Until the October Revolution of 1917, you could buy Tsarskaya Raspberry or Tsar Fyodor Mikhailovich caramel. After him, the names of sweets changed dramatically. Caramels "Peasant" and "Krasnoarmeyskaya", "Hammer and Sickle" and "Our Industry" appeared on sale.

However, most chocolates retain their French names: Dernier Cree, Miniature, Chartreuse, Bergamot, Pepperment and others. Such neutral names as "Squirrels", "Tomboys" and "Bunnies" did not undergo ideological rethinking. The Soviet names of the new sweets reflected the currentevents and achievements. So in the 30s of the last century, the following were produced: “Fight for equipment”, “Be ready”, “Sabantuy”, “Milkmaid”, “Chelyuskintsy”, “Heroes of the Arctic”, “Winner of the Ice”.

Man's conquest of space in the 60s of the XX century was reflected in the appearance of the Cosmic and Cosmos sweets.

At about the same time, it became popular to introduce the names of fairy-tale and literary characters into the names of chocolates: "Snow Maiden", "La Bayadere", "Blue Bird", "Sadko", "Little Red Riding Hood" and others.